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Home›Archives›Vol 9, Issue 4 (Oct–Dec 2022)›Article 003
JIDAM · Vol 9, Issue 4 · October–December 2022
Review Article

Computer Navigated Implant Surgery – A Narrative Review

Dr. V.R. Balaji, Dr. Manikandan, Dr. Krishnaveni
Department of Periodontics & Implant Dentistry, CSI College of Dental Sciences & Research, Madurai, Tamil Nadu
Vol 9 · Issue 4 · 2022 DOI: 10.37841/jidam_2022_V9_I4_03 Open Access December 2022
3
Authors
23
References
2022
Year Published
📝Abstract

Dental implants are the recently resorted treatment of choice for the replacement of missing teeth. Computer-navigated implant surgery helps clinician in real time during the implant positioning with the help of visual imaging tools on a monitor. They were introduced to overcome the complications associated with the free-hand implant placement. Computer guided navigation surgery on the other hand, helps the clinician to evaluate, scan, plan and place the implant intra-orally on the same day.

KEYWORDS: Navigation system, computer guided surgery, cone beam computed tomography, jaw tracker, three-dimensional imaging, guidance error

📝Introduction

The advent of Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the 20th century revolutionized the field of diagnostic imaging. Implant guides were manufactured with the help of both Computed tomography (CT) & CBCT imaging, but the use of CBCT reduces the amount of radiation exposure to the patient than CT imaging.

The implant guides are of two types – static guides & dynamic guides. Static guides transfer implant position virtually with the help of CT/CBCT data to the site of operation. These guides thus manufactured can be a fully limiting guide or a partially limiting guide. The prime setback associated with a static guide is that, treatment plan cannot be altered with already existing surgical guide.

Computer-navigated surgery (dynamic) uses a surgical navigation system that directly reproduces the virtual implant position from the CBCT data and allows for intraoperative implant position changes. CNS is considered to be the most effective way in transferring, planned implant's position to the real patient as it guides surgeons' motions using a real-time feedback.

📝Components and Working of CNIS

Components of CNIS: Basic components include dynamic navigation software, handpiece attachments, jaw attachments (fiducial screws & clips), motion tracking device, optical sensors and a compact mobile kart.

Optical Tracking: Optical tracking is a means of determining in real-time the position of an object by tracking the positions of either active or passive infrared markers attached to the object. There are 2 types: active type & passive type. The passive type is most commonly used.

Calibration and Registration: The instruments are calibrated prior to surgery. The patient jaw and surgical drill location are tracked by the navigation system's tracking camera. The process of mapping the trackable jaw tag to the CBCT scan is called "registration".

Computer Navigation Implant Surgery: Once registration is done, the navigation system is ready for surgical use. The tracked surgical drill and the dynamic reference frame are continuously recorded by the stereoscopic camera. Special guidance views help to locate planned implant position and to follow that implant path into the bone.

📝Conclusion

With significant achievements established in the field of computerized implant-dentistry, implant placement has become highly accurate and predictable. Various studies have been published confirming the accuracy of dynamic implant navigation over static-guided implant placement & free-hand implant placement. However, high cost of navigation system, its updates & maintenance will not be feasible for dental surgeons.

🔖How to Cite
Balaji VR, Manikandan, Krishnaveni. Computer Navigated Implant Surgery – A Narrative Review. J Indian Dent Assoc Madras. 2022;9(4). DOI: 10.37841/jidam_2022_V9_I4_03
Balaji, V. R., Manikandan, & Krishnaveni. (2022). Computer navigated implant surgery – A narrative review. Journal of Indian Dental Association Madras, 9(4). https://doi.org/10.37841/jidam_2022_V9_I4_03
Balaji, V. R., Manikandan, and Krishnaveni. "Computer Navigated Implant Surgery – A Narrative Review." Journal of Indian Dental Association Madras, vol. 9, no. 4, 2022. DOI: 10.37841/jidam_2022_V9_I4_03.
Balaji VR, Manikandan, Krishnaveni. Computer navigated implant surgery – A narrative review. J Indian Dent Assoc Madras. 2022;9(4). doi:10.37841/jidam_2022_V9_I4_03
Balaji, V. R., Manikandan, and Krishnaveni. "Computer Navigated Implant Surgery – A Narrative Review." Journal of Indian Dental Association Madras 9, no. 4 (2022). https://doi.org/10.37841/jidam_2022_V9_I4_03.
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