Aerosol and splatter play a significant role in transmission of infection in a dental set up, which is of great concern for the dentist and the patient. Major source of aerosol in a dental set up is from ultrasonic scalers and rotary instrument which are of primary importance for performing regular dental procedures. Since the aerosolized particles behave in a ballistic manner and can stay suspended in air for a long period of time, the probability of surface contamination and transmission of infection through contact of these contaminated surfaces within dental clinic is extremely high.
To review aerosol and splatter in dentistry and its implication in COVID-19 era.
The oral fluids are grossly contaminated with bacteria and viruses from supragingival plaque and also from deep periodontal pockets. The dental aerosol comprises of components of saliva, blood, nasopharyngeal secretions, plaque, tooth fragments and dental material used for treatment. The greatest amount of airborne contamination is generated by the ultrasonic scaler, followed by the air-driven high-speed hand piece, the air polisher and air-water syringe.
Considering the high risk of exposure to serious disease conditions through aerosol contamination among dental clinics, it is mandatory to adapt to various protocols which has been laid down to reduce the quantity of aerosol generated during the routine dental procedures and also minimize the risk of exposure to dental health care provider and patients by following strict infection prevention and control measures.