📚 JIDAM — Open Access Dental Journal|ISSN: 2582-0559|IDA Madras
JIDAM · Vol 4, Issue 3 · July–September 2017
Original Article

Effectiveness of Various Household Methods Used to Disinfect Indian Currency Notes – A Pilot Study

Menaka V, Bijivin Raj S, Aarthy, Madhumathi, Tamilarasan, Siddharth, Madan Kumar PD
Senior lecturer, Postgraduate, House Surgeons, Professor and Head, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Uthandi, Chennai600119.
Vol 4 · Issue 3 · 2017 DOI: 10.37841/jidam_2017_V4_I3_02 🔓 Open Access 📅 2017
7
Authors
21
References
2017
Year Published
📝Abstract

Introduction: Paper currency, like all other materials inevitably becomes contaminated overtime. The possibility that currency notes might act as environmental vehicles for the transmission of potential pathogenic microorganisms was suggested. Disinfection is the process of elimination of most pathogenic micro-organisms (excluding bacterial spores) on inanimate objects.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different household disinfectants on Indian currency notes.

Materials and methods: The currency notes were collected randomly from various sources in Chennai city, Tamilnadu and the polythene bags were immediately transported to laboratory of microbiology of Ragas Dental College. The collected currency notes were divided into five groups with three notes in each group. The five various household disinfectant methods like iron box, vinegar, chlorhexidine, sunlight and greenhouse effect were used and the currency notes were examined for bacterial contamination before and after disinfection. Standard loop technique was used to determine the microbial count on Indian currency notes before and after disinfection.

Results: Chlorhexidine reduced 70% micro-organisms compared with only 42-45% reduction in micro-organisms present in the currency notes after treatment with sunlight and greenhouse effect. These results will help improve strategies for decontaminating Indian currency notes and thus reduce the incidence of illness caused by these pathogens.

Conclusion: Chlorhexidine was the most effective disinfectant producing a greater reduction of micro-organisms than the other method of disinfection. These results will help improve strategies for decontaminating Indian currency notes and thus reduce the incidence of illness caused by these pathogens.

🔖How to Cite
Menaka V, Bijivin Raj S, Aarthy, Madhumathi, Tamilarasan, Siddharth, et al. Effectiveness of Various Household Methods Used to Disinfect Indian Currency Notes – A Pilot Study. J Indian Dent Assoc Madras. 2017;4(3):1-20. DOI: 10.37841/jidam_2017_V4_I3_02
Menaka, V., Bijivin Raj, S., Aarthy, Madhumathi, Tamilarasan, Siddharth, & Madan Kumar, P. D. (2017). Effectiveness of Various Household Methods Used to Disinfect Indian Currency Notes – A Pilot Study. Journal of Indian Dental Association Madras, 4(3), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.37841/jidam_2017_V4_I3_02
Menaka, V., et al. "Effectiveness of Various Household Methods Used to Disinfect Indian Currency Notes – A Pilot Study." Journal of Indian Dental Association Madras, vol. 4, no. 3, 2017, pp. 1-20. DOI: 10.37841/jidam_2017_V4_I3_02.
Menaka V, Bijivin Raj S, Aarthy, et al. Effectiveness of Various Household Methods Used to Disinfect Indian Currency Notes – A Pilot Study. J Indian Dent Assoc Madras. 2017;4(3):1-20. doi:10.37841/jidam_2017_V4_I3_02
Menaka, V, Bijivin Raj S, Aarthy, Madhumathi, Tamilarasan, Siddharth, and Madan Kumar PD. "Effectiveness of Various Household Methods Used to Disinfect Indian Currency Notes – A Pilot Study." Journal of Indian Dental Association Madras 4, no. 3 (2017): 1-20. https://doi.org/10.37841/jidam_2017_V4_I3_02.
📚References
  1. Abrams, B.L. and N.G. Waterman. 1972. Dirty money. Journal of American Medical Association 219:1202-1203.
  2. Gilchrist MJR. Microbiological culturing of environmental and medical device surfaces. Epidemiologic and infection control microbiology. Manual of clinical Microbiology. American Society of Microbiology 1993; 11.10-11.
  3. Kramer A, Schwebke I, Kampf G. How long do nosocomial pathogens persist on inanimate surfaces? A systematic review. BMC Infect. Dis., 6 (1): 130, 2006.
  4. Vriesekoop F, Russell C, Alvarez-Mayorga B, et al. Dirty Money: An Investigation into the Hygiene Status of Some of the World’s Currencies as Obtained from Food Outlets. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease. 2010.
  5. Gedik H, Voss TA, Voss A. Money and Transmission of bacteria. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control. 2013.
  6. Lawandy N, Smik AY. Supercritical Fluid Cleaning of Banknotes. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 2013.
  7. Rohrer MD, Bulard RA. Microwave sterilization. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 1985;110:194-8.
  8. Najdovski L, Dragas AZ, Kotnik V. The killing activity of microwaves on some non-sporogenic and sporogenic medically important bacterial strains. J. Hosp. Infect. 1991;19:239-47.
  9. Ayandele, A.A., &Adeniyi, S. A.. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of micro organism isolated from Naria notes in Nigeria. Journal of Research in Biology, 587-593, 2011.
  10. Mc Donnell, Gerald and A Denver Russell. “Antiseptics and disinfectants: Activity, Action and Resistance. “Clinical Microbiology Reviews 12.1 (1999): 147-79.
  11. Hobday, R. The Healing sun. Findhorn Press 1999:132.
  12. Hart, D. Sterilization of the air in the operating room by special antibacterial radiant energy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1936;6:45.
  13. Gameson, A. et al. Field studies on effect of daylight on mortality of coliform bacteria. Water Res 1967;1:279.70.
  14. Calkins, J. et al. The role of solar ultraviolet radiation in natural water purification. Photochem Photobiol 1976;24:49.
  15. Paulus, W., 2004. Directory of Microbicides for the Protection of Materials - A Handbook. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands.
  16. Hugo, W.B., 1995. A brief history of heat, chemical and radiation preservation and disinfection. International Biodeterioration& Biodegradation 36, 197-217.
  17. Ackery et al., 2004Ackery, P.R., Testa, J.M., Ready, P.D., Doyle, A.M., Pinniger, D.B., 2004. Effects of High Temperature Pest Eradication on DNA in Entomological Collections. Studies in Conservation 49, 35-40.
  18. Pinniger, 2003Pinniger, D., 2003. Saving our treasures - controlling museum pests with temperature extremes. Pesticide Outlook 14, 10-11.
  19. Ricke SC (2003) Perspectives on the use of organic acids and short chain fatty acids as antimicrobials. Poultry Sci 82: 632–639.
  20. Utyama IKA: Avaliac¸ao da atividade antimicrobiana e citot ˜ oxica ´ in vitro do vinagre e acido ac ´ etico: perspectiva na terap ´ eutica de ˆ feridas. Master Dissertation. Ribeirao Preto, Brazil, School of ˜ Nursing University of Sao Paulo, 2003
  21. Russell, A., 2003. Similarities and differences in the responses of microorganisms to biocides. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 52, 750-763.